Friday, May 31, 2019

The History of Feminine Fiction:Exploring Laura Runge’s Article, Gender

The History of Feminine FictionExploring Laura Runges Article, Gendered Strategies in the Criticism of Early FictionLaura Runge is an assistant professor of English at the University of southwestward Florida. In her article, Gendered Strategies in the Criticism of Early Fiction, Runge argues that, during the eighteenth century, the all overdetermined gendered association between the female reader and the female writer excluded the female novelist from literary excellence and lastly led to the inferior status of fictional writing. While the novel became recognized as a feminine genre, criticism ignored the achievement of female authors and became overtly masculine. In defining literary achievement by male standards, criticism reinforced the subordinate role of women in both the British culture and literature. Runge says it is the gendered literary hierarchy, established in the criticism of the eighteenth century, that makes it difficult to evaluate the history of the entire novel. A s the social and economic conditions of eighteenth century Britain shifted from a family found system to one dependent on industry, women were no longer valuable as workers. This transition allowed for the developing reading habits of the middleclass woman as they were left with more free time. However, the cultural definition of females compromised the feminized genre. As women were defined as subordinate to men, their literature was reduced by critics to bad-fiction. One critic wrote, So long at the British ladies continue to encourage our hackney scribblers, by reading every romance that appears, we need not wonder that the press should swarm with such measly insignificant productions (365). Despite the presumed inferiority of fiction, authors, ... ...bsequently, the only success females were acknowledged for or granted was as the provider of domestic morality. Gendered strategies, in the criticism of early fiction, do feminine fiction incapable of excellence. By using conve ntional heterosexual relationships in their prefaces, authors only succeed in supporting the masculine control over fiction. The appraisals women gained only reinforced their inferior status. Criticism placed female authors in a specific and confined critical sphere, while it located male authors in an other, more respected field (375). By aligning their works with popular male literature, women inadvertently strengthened male authority. Women were only granted recognition in terms of their limited social stature. It is these gendered values and strategies that makes the history of the novel and feminine achievement difficult to assess.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Emily Dickinson :: essays research papers

Emily Dickinson     The year 1830 is a crucial date in English history. You see, this isthe year that one of the roughly influential poets in the world was born. EmilyDickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, an old fashioned Puritan town.R arely did she go outside to meet strangers or walk in the garden. Emily feltuncomfortable outside of her house and even if she did travel, it wasnt formore than one hour. She was greatly impacted by her father, who was a lawyer,politician, and treasurer of Amherst College. The turning point in Emilys lifeoccurred while she was on a business trip in Washington D.C. with her father.There, Emily met a Presbyterian Minister. Soon enough, she deeply fell in lovewith this military man , whose name was Charlies Wadsworth. Even though the two wereacquaintances, Emily felt a bond between herself and the much older and alreadymarried minister. However, although Charles was kind to her, he did not returnher love. Eight years later, in1862, Charlies left for San Francisco,Calafornia with his family. It was about this time that Emily totally secludedherself from the world and started what would be world famous poems throughoutthe future . She follow her ideas on poetry from her personal life, herfondness of nature, death, and her dislike of organized religion. War isoccasionally pulled into Emilys poems also.     Emily seemed truly concerned over happenings in her personal life. Soshe chiefly focused her writings on the loss of her lover. In "I Never Saw AMoor," she describes things that she had never seen or experienced before butshe knows what they are about. Here, Emily is trying to express herself on whyshe thinks Charles left her. She is desperately searching for answers. Emilyattempted to teach others a lesson when she wrote "Tell All The Turth, But TellIt Slant." In this work, she wishes that Charles had given her a reason why heleft so abruptly. She is stressing tha t people should tell all the truth, butlay it down easily so it does not cause strife. "Heart We Will Forget Him"Explains her feelings that she still has for Charles. However, she strived toput memories of Charles behind her and to move on in life. Emily hoped to seeher lost love in eternity sometime.     On the other hand, her love for Charles was not the only thing that shewrote about. "The Spider Holds A Silver Ball" explains why we should admire aspiders web. A spider took an excessive amount of time to build the silver

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

How Flexible is the Brains Circuitry? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

How Flexible is the Brains Circuitry?The brain is a complicated organ, containing an estimated 100 billion neurons and around 1,000 to 10,000 synapses for each of those neurons (1). This organ has the great responsibility of not only commanding and regulating the functions of the body but also sensing and perceiving the world around it. In humans, it is what we believe makes us the highly adaptive and intelligent organisms that we are, as tumefy as give us our individuality. But with so many parts and connections to it, what happens when the brains delicate circuitry is disrupted? Weve all heard of brain damage, and its horrible results, whether is a parole report on TV or science books. It seems that with trauma, disruption of blood supply, and disease neurons and their connections could be destroyed and the organisms behavior exceedingly affected. Yet Ive read rough how people have overcome tremendous damage to their brains and gone on to function with very minimal handicaps. I n elementary biology, we are all taught that cells in our body go through systems that replaces old, worn out cells with new cells. Most cell types go through programmed cell death, or PCD, but there was perpetually an exception in the neuron very early in mammalian development, neurons stop growing (4). PCD would be disastrous, as the depleted neurons would never be replaced. Since we conduct all our neurons and their connections to function, how do individuals with damage to both these neurons and connections survive, much less functioning within any definition of normality? After all, remove a fewer chips from a computers motherboard and you wont have functioning computer. Yet there are children living their lives with only half their brains intact One of the most memorable case studies I read about in high school psychology was the procedure of removing large portions, sometime half the brain, to treat young children with epileptic seizures. This procedure, called hemi-sphere ctomy, was developed in the 1920s but rarely performed due to complications (8). With the advances in medicine today, it has become a more common practice in treatment severe epilepsy. At first, though the procedure was expected to stop the seizures, doctors did not expect these children to ever function normally. After all, with so much of the brain missing, it is hard to expect much of the mental functions of these children. Surprisingly, these children often retained much of their personality, memories and sense humor (8), awing their doctors with the flexibility of the brains to adjust after such invasive surgery.